Relationship maintainance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Relationship maintainance - Essay Example It ensures that none of the members has more benefits others within the society provided they have the same qualifications. It is not certain whether nepotism is right or wrong in the society; however, individuals in countries such as China believe in nepotism. Many people have different perceptions and beliefs concerning nepotism. Nepotism is a direct act of favoritism to other persons due to a given relationship status with such persons (Jones, 9). It does not consider merit in the allocation of opportunities or resources. Nepotism seems to favor a few individuals in the society; however, it is not fair in the modern world especially in educational and corporate institutions. Although it may be beneficial to some individuals, it could result in negative consequences in the long-term. Such consequences involve the denial of the acquisition of communication skills alongside other important skills due to overdependence on family networks and relationships. People who depend on nepotism for opportunities do not show effort or commitment to their work because they sure of their strong networks. China is one of the largest countries in the world. It is also one of the oldest civilizations and has improved technologically over the years. Many students graduate every year from higher learning institutions with expectations of easily securing working opportunities. However, it is difficult for such graduates to find employment despite having all the desired qualifications. This is because, for one to find a job they require higher educational qualifications, work experience, and above all a perfect network. A perfect network involves the ability to maintain constant visits to the home of a person in authority for a long time. For instance, I needed to find a job once I graduated. My father had already started a relationship with a particular manager a long time ago. This is because he needed the manager to

World War I Causes and Outcomes Essay Example for Free

World War I Causes and Outcomes Essay The causes of World War I included a growing rate of militarism, which was accompanied by an arms race. Also imperialism, as economics and fighting for colonies among the European nations were prevalent. Alliances such as The Triple Alliance and The Triple Entente also started the war along side nationalism. The effects of the war included 8.5 million deaths just from soldiers, 16.1 million in total, higher taxes, rationing of food and other products, a propaganda war, and famine. Germany was blamed for the war so they owed millions of dollars in reparations to many different countries so Germany had to skyrocket their taxes and began a famine. Personally, I believe that World War I could have been prevented if it werent for certain actions. For example, if Austria-Hungary had negotiated seriously with Serbia in July 1914, war could have been avoided. However, Germany egged Austria-Hungary on to be completely unreasonable. It turned out to be the result of a hundred little pressures all building up until eventually it just exploded. Also, if it werent for the three alliances it could have possibly been avoided. I would say that World War I was justified in the fact that Germany was trying to take over Europe in a very bad and hostile way so they had to be stopped. Its hard to say that a war that caused millions of deaths was justice but when you think about it, they had no right to take over Europe and wouldve hurt and killed many innocent civilians in the process. Germany ended up paying their debt to the war by owing reparations and money so in another sense it was justified.

Tuskegee Syphilis Study Ethics

Tuskegee Syphilis Study Ethics Abstract The Tuskegee Syphilis Study was a forty year-long study in which researchers observed the natural progression of syphilis in 399 African-American men. Despite medical advancements and the discovery of successful penicillin treatments for syphilis, researchers involved in the Tukegee Syphilis Study took extreme measures to ensure participants remained unaware of life-saving intervention (Jones, 1993). The deceptive and manipulative nature of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study resulted in public uproar and legislative action to ensure the protection of human rights and prevented future unethical practices in research involving human subjects. Although there are strict federal regulations for research ethics, underrepresentation of minority groups in clinical research continues to exist even forty years after the cessation of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Research suggests that the maltreatment and unethical practices of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study may have fostered distrust in health care prov iders resulting in unwillingness to participant in clinical research (Shavers, Lynch, Burmeister 2000). The implications of the Tuskegee Syphilis have helped shape the American Psychological Associations Ethical Code of Conduct (2002) and influenced the current standard of care expected of health care providers involved in research. Keywords: Tuskegee Syphilis Study, research ethics Research Ethics: The Tuskegee Syphilis Study The Tuskegee Syphilis Study is one of the most infamous and controversial studies executed in the last century. In 1932, the United States Public Health Service in conjunction with the Tuskegee Institute initiated a 40 year-long study to observe racial differences in the development of syphilis. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that gradual spreads throughout the body and may cause physical deformities, dementia, paralysis, and even death (Center for Disease Control [CDC], 2012). Researchers from the Tuskegee Institute recruited 600 African-American men from Macon County, Alabama, 399 of who had untreated syphilis in the latency stage (Reverby, 2001). The researchers coerced participants into the study by telling them they had â€Å"bad blood†, a term used to describe multiple illnesses within the black community at that time. To persuade participants even further, researchers provided them with regular meals, free transportation to and from the clinic, and funeral s tipends for their families (Carmack, Bates, Harter, 2008). Furthermore, research directors hired African-American doctors and nurses in order to acquire and maintain the participants trust throughout the study (Corbie-Smith, 1999). Despite medical advancements and the 1943 discovery of penicillin as a successful treatment for syphilis, participants in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study were not privy to life-saving interventions. Furthermore, researchers prevented participants from knowing about viable treatment options by prohibiting medical screenings during the World War II draft, monitoring participants who went to other medical facilities, and intervening with other health care providers who tried to treat participants (Reverby, 2001; Rothman, 1982). By taking such extreme measures throughout the study, more than 100 men who suffered from syphilis succumbed to the curable disease (Corbie-Smith, 1999). Although several government agencies and healthcare providers knew of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, in 1972, the New York Times released an extensive article detailing the unethical treatment of African American men with untreated syphilis. The article generated public disgust and caused nationwide uproar, inevitably resulting in the 1973 termination of the Tuskegee Institute’s syphilis research by the Health and Scientific Affairs Review Board (Carmack, Bates, Harter, 2008). The unethical practices committed by researchers at the Tuskegee Institute led to the 1974 National Research Act, which mandated the use of Institutional Review Boards for research that receives federal grants (Rencher Wolf, 2013). Despite the cessation of the study in 1973, it was not until May 16, 1997 that President Clinton issued an apology on behalf of the United States Government to the victims of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. At this time, the United States Government recognized their role in the c ontinuation of the study and the ethical negligence that took place (Fairchild Bayer, 1999). Throughout the duration of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, generations of researchers who undertook the study continued to rationalize their work based on scientific grounds and the importance of understanding the biological progression of the disease. They justified any ethical concerns by suggesting that researchers could never replicate the magnitude of such data or have the ability to acquire such a large group of untreated individuals (Rothman, 1982). The validations given by researchers to continue mistreating patients stress the importance of creating ethical boundaries when conducting research. Acknowledging the deficient treatment and research decisions made by health care providers in the past helps influence the direction of patient care for the future. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, along with many other unethical research practices in our country’s medical and psychological history, including eugenics and maltreatment of the mentally ill in asylums, have helped shape the ethical requirements that are now expected from all health care providers. The ethical violations committed throughout the course of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study have influenced the inclusion of many standards outlined in the APA Code of Ethics involving patient care, therapeutic practice, and research protocols. Ethical Concerns General Principles The unethical foundation and practices carried out throughout the duration of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study violated the General Principles outlined in the 2002 American Psychological Association Ethical Code of Conduct including: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence, Fidelity and Responsibility, Integrity, Justice, and Respect for Human Rights and Dignity. In terms of Beneficence and Nonmaleficence, which describes the importance of avoiding and minimizing patient harm (APA, 2002), the researchers involved with the continuation of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study harmed their participants as well as the participants’ families who had to care for them as their health deteriorated due to the progression of the disease. Furthermore, researchers neglected to discuss the transmission of syphilis and preemptive measures that would prevent others from contracting the disease, which caused harm to those who had sexual relationships and children with untreated participants (Corbie-Smith, 1999; Jon es, 1993). The principle of Fidelity and Responsibility focuses on building and maintaining a trusting relationship between the patient and health care provider as well as the obligation to serve in accordance to the patient’s best interest (APA, 2002). The Tuskegee Syphilis Study violated this principle and in many ways relied on deception to give the impression of trusting relationships between researchers and participants. For instance, in order to gain the trust of the participants, researchers hired an African-American nurse named Eunice Rivers for the duration of the forty year-long study. She would often transport them to and from the clinic, act as a cultural liaison, and provide devoted support to the participants (Corbie-Smith, 1999). Although this encouragement and assistance was important for the participants throughout the study, the formation and maintenance of such a trusting relationship may have inhibited the participants from making well-informed decisions about their c ontinued involvement in the study. In this regard, Eunice Rivers may have unintentionally acted as a mode of deception rather than of trust by not upholding the participants’ best interest and inadvertently obstructing informed consent. The Integrity and Justice Principles involve the importance of upholding honesty, avoiding misrepresentation, and ensuring access and benefit from services (APA, 2002). In regards to the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, the violations of these values are apparent due to the dishonest, manipulative, and immoral nature of the study. Researchers went to great lengths in order to prevent participants from learning about life-saving treatments for syphilis including informing the Alabama Health Department not to treat participants, interceding with other health care providers, and prohibiting medical screenings for participants drafted to fight in World War II (Reverby, 2001). The resources that researchers used to maintain the study’s objective indicates the unethical practices that occurred throughout the duration of the study in the name of science. Lastly, the principle of Respect for Human Rights and Dignity concerns the protection of human rights and overall welfare of a patient’s well-being (APA, 2002). Throughout the course of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, researchers violated several human rights and exploited the vulnerability of a community affected by a potentially fatal disease. Researchers took advantage of a population that lacked affluence and quality education for American-Americans by giving participants incentives such as funeral stipends and hot meals, which inevitably impeded their ability to make informed decisions about participating in the study (Carmack, Bates, Harter, 2008; Corbie-Smith, 1999). Furthermore, during the period in which the Tuskegee Syphilis Study took place, social prejudices against African-Americans may have influenced the basis and continued justification of the study (Bhopal, 1997). Informed Consent The standards outlined in the American Psychological Association are expectations pertinent to all health care providers who are assessing, treating, or researching patients. The standard related to informed consent regarding research discusses the importance of disclosing the purpose, potential risks, and expected duration of the study in order for participants to make educated decisions about their participation in research (APA, 2002). From a historical perspective, at the time of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study the APA Code of Conduct was not a comprehensive list of standards, research guidelines, and protocols. However, the importance of informed consent is paramount in Tuskegee Syphilis Study and influences the expectations for patient care that are applicable today. The African-American subjects involved in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study were primarily impoverished and uneducated sharecroppers, which presents ethical concerns regarding the ability for participants to make informed decisions due to desirable research incentives or an inability to comprehend the extent of their involvement in the study. Researchers also used the term â€Å"bad blood† to recruit participants rather than informing them of their actual medical condition. The lack of information provided to the participants regarding the nature of the study and treatment options indicates the inadequacy of informed consent that caused harm to many individuals involved in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. In addition, there remains to be controversy regarding how informed the participants were throughout the study. In 1972, a Center of Disease Control officer reported that participants in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study had knowledge of the study’s nature and knew they could withdraw at any time. Conversely, Dr. Williams, an intern who worked at the Tuskegee Institute during the study, stated neither interns nor participants knew of the study’s objectives (Jones, 1993). The conflicting accounts indicate the deceptive characteristics of the study, which may have caused confusion to the participants and subsequent mistrust of health care providers that is still prevalent today. Deception in Research The APA Ethical Code of Conduct prohibits researchers from deceiving participants in research that may potentially â€Å"cause physical harm or severe emotional distress† (p. 11). The detrimental effects caused by the Tuskegee Institute violated this standard in several ways. For instance, researchers told participants they had â€Å"bad blood† and offered treatment and incentives for ongoing participation. Medical staff involved in the study never told participants their true medical diagnosis. Charles Pollard, a Tuskegee subject stated, â€Å"All I knew was that they just kept saying I had bad blood- they never mentioned syphilis to me, not even once† (Jones, 1993, p. 278). The participants used in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study all had syphilis in the latency stage, which can be very dangerous if left untreated. Many with latent stage syphilis may not experience the external symptoms of syphilis including sores and rashes; however, they may be susceptible to develop paralysis, blindness, dementia, or fatal damage to internal organs (CDC, 2012). Despite the debilitating and life-threatening effects of syphilis, participants never received counseling on how to prevent the transmission of disease or that their disease was contagious at all. Consequently, this exacerbated the spread syphilis and contributed to 40 wives contracting syphilis from sexual interactions and 19 children born with congenital syphilis (Jones, 1993; Perkiss, 2013). Although the Tuskegee participants believed they were receiving treatment for â€Å"bad blood†, researchers actually prevented participants from gaining access to life-saving treatment and watched as participants health slowly deteriorated. Researchers continued to justify this active neglect in fear of losing â€Å"valuable† research data due to the longevity of the study. The harm caused by the omission of information in the Tuskegee Study, especially the severity and cause of syphilis is irrevocable and continues to have ethical implications in research studies. Research Implications The unethical practices of researchers and health care providers throughout the Tuskegee Syphilis Study have led to legislative, political, and social implications that continue to affect research protocols. Due to the public upset caused by the revelation of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, legislators passed the National Research Act in 1974 in hopes of avoiding unethical practices in future research endeavors (Rencher Wolf, 2013). The National Research Act led to the formation of theNational Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research who were responsible for recognizing and enforcing the ethical standards regarding professional conduct when using human subjects in research. By doing so, the Commission also established guidelines for researchers to abide by in order to protect human rights and preserve human dignity (The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 1979). The National Research Act also mandated institutions who receive government grants to establish and submit research proposals to local Institutional Review Boards. The Institutional Review Boards are required to evaluate research studies and ensure that informed consent, research methods, and objectives adhere to the ethical guidelines and uphold human rights. Moreover, the Institutional Review Boards are responsible for yearly evaluations to ensure r esearchers remain in accordance to all ethical guidelines. (Rencher Wolf, 2013; Corbie-Smith, 1999). Due to the legal and ethical implications of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, many research institutions became overly cautious about including certain groups in their research in fear of causing another public protest. Excluding particular groups from research limited generalizability and the application of research findings to a diverse population, which consequently hindered scientific progression. This concern led to the 1993 National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act, which required researchers to include minorities and women as research subjects. However, the ability to acquire these populations for clinical research, especially ethnic minorities, continues to be troublesome (Corbie-Smith, Thomas, Williams, Moody-Ayers, 1999). Although federal regulations have mandated ethical guidelines for research, the effects of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and other unprincipled practices throughout history may be a factor in the underrepresentation of minorities participating in research and the perpetual mistrust in health care providers (Freimuth et al., 2001). Based on a report from the Center of Disease Control, African-Americans have higher rates of medical conditions including heart disease, stroke, HIV/AIDS, diabetes, and hypertension (CDC, 2011). However, due to the low census of participants in medical research, health care providers face challenges when trying to identify the physiological, cultural, and sociological reasons contributing to the high prevalence of African-Americans suffering from medical conditions. Researchers suggest that the extensive history of unethical treatment by health care professionals, including that of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study may affect the low frequency of minorities willing to participate in research (Freimuth et al., 2001). For instance, a study conducted by Shavers, Lynch, Burmeister (2000) indicates that knowledge of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study would negatively affect African-American participation in biomedical research based on distrust of researchers. Although awareness of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study was not the only factor influencing minority participation, 51% of African-Americans were less trusting of medical research because of their knowledge of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Furthermore, of the 51% who distrusted researchers, 46% reported that knowledge of the Tuskegee Study would affect their participation in medical research and 49% reported being unwilling to participant in research studies. Misconceptions regarding the nature of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study which suggests that researchers intentionally injected participants with syphilis in order to observe the natural progression of the disease may also be a contributing factor as to why minorities are hesitant to trust researchers or health care providers (Freimuth et al., 2001; Shavers, Lynch, Burmeister 2000). Furthermore, parental influence and socialization may have also had an indirect influence on more recent generations who were unaware of the discreditable history of research methods for scientific advancement (Poythress, Epstein, Stiles, Edens, 2011). The influence of cultural perspectives regarding research may reinforce reluctance to participate in research and perpetuate mistrust in health care providers. Conclusion The ethical research concerns surrounding the Tuskegee Syphilis Study continues to influence the revisions of the APA code of conduct, the standard of care expected for all patients, legislative orders to protect human rights, and social perspectives of health care providers. Despite the cessation of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study in 1973 and the enforcement of strict federal regulations, the underrepresentation of minorities in research continues to be a concern. The lack of participation limits generalizability and impedes the validity and application of research findings. In order to facilitate change, it is important for researchers and health care providers to address the misconceptions of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, recognize the development of ethical standards throughout recent decades, and emphasize the value of accurate representation of minorities in research.

Karl Marx :: essays research papers

Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818, in a place called Trier in Prussia. Marx attended the university of Bonn and later the university at Berlin, where he studied in law, while majoring in history and philosophy. Marx handed in his doctoral thesis of the philosophy of Epicures, and finished college in 1841. After his education, Marx associated himself with the "Left Hegelians," along with Bruno Bauer, which were a group who formed atheistic and revolutionary ideas from Hegel's philosophy. In 1842 Marx and Bruno Bauer were asked to contribute to the Rheinische Zeitung, an opposition paper, in Cologne. Marx in October of 1842, became editor-in-chief, and decided to move from Bonn to Cologne. As the paper became more and more distinguished the government decided to censor, and eventually wasn't allowed. This paper stopped operation in March of 1843. Karl Marx was married to his childhood friend Jenny Von Westphalen, in 1843. Later in the fall of that year Marx along with another Left Hegelian, Arnold Ruge moved to Paris and began publication of a radical journal entitled Deutsch-Franzosische Jahrbucher. However due to the difficulty in distributing such a radical paper, only one issue appeared. Karl met his closest friend in September of 1844, when Frederick Engels arrived in Paris. Together they participated in the activities of many revolutionary societies, and formed the theory and ideas of revolutionary proletarian socialism, also known as communism. Finally in 1845 Marx was banished from Paris as a dangerous revolutionary. He decided to head for Brussels, where he and Engels joined, in 1847, a group called the Communist League. At the leagues request Marx and Engels drew up the Communist Manifesto in 1848. Once the Revolution of February 1848 took place, Marx was again banished, except this time from Belgium. He briefly returned to France for the March Revolution, and then traveled to Germany where he published the Neue Rheinische Zeitung, from June 1, 1848 to May 19, 1849. Again Marx was banished from Germany, and again he returned to Paris. After the demonstration of June 13 1849 Karl Marx was banished once again. That would be the last time Karl Marx was banished anywhere. His last voyage would take him to London where he would live for the rest of his life. Marx lived a hard life in London. If it had not been for the financial help from his good friend Engels, he would have not been able to continue his lifelong struggle.

Significance of Plastics

Significance * Plastic bags are not renewable, which means they cannot be easily recycled like paper bags. They are made of petrochemicals, which is what makes them non-renewable and a risk to the health of the planet. They last for hundreds of years, all the while doing damage to natural habitats and killing animals that mistake them for food. The more plastic bags people use, the greater the chances of environmental damage. Effects * If not carefully disposed of, plastic bags can be devastating to animal life. DEFRA (Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs) reported that 1,678,900 tons of plastic packaging was in the UK waste stream in 2001. Because plastic bags do not decay quickly, they stay in environments longer, causing more build-up on the natural landscape than a more degradable material like paper would. The Marrickville Council reports that over 100,000 whales, turtles and birds die every year as a result of plastic in their environment. Suffocation * Infants and young children have died as a result of playing with plastic bags. Every year, the Consumer Product Safety Commission receives about 25 reports of plastic bag-related infant death. Because of the thin, airtight material, infants can easily block their mouths and nostrils with the plastic bag and suffocate. Prevention/Solution * Abstaining from plastic bag use as much as possible will reduce the chances of accidental infant death, and it will reduce the amount of plastic waste in the environment. A plastic bag is also reusable, though. It does not necessarily have to be thrown away after a single use. Try to use each plastic bag for as long as possible. This will help reduce the number of plastic bags in circulation. Expert Insight * Some experts want to ban the use of plastic bags entirely. Los Angeles has passed recommendations that will make them illegal in supermarkets by 2012. The British government sees plastic bags as a symbol for a throwaway society. They claim, â€Å"[Plastic bags] are a significant cause of litter†¦. Most of the rest of the 13 billion bags used each year end up in landfills. † Alternatives to Plastic Bags * Canvas bags are a smart alternative to plastic. Canvas can be washed and reused, and lasts up to 10 years on average. Bringing a few canvas bags with you to the store will greatly reduce the number of plastic bags in the environment. Paper bags are not as beneficial for the environment as canvas bags, but they are recyclable. Infants cannot suffocate on paper bags either. If you're creative, you can make an old plastic bag into an arts-and-crafts project (see Resources). Read more: Disadvantages of Plastic Bags | eHow. com http://www. ehow. com/about_5072695_disadvantages-plastic-bags. html#ixzz1iCJusfTm

How to Calculate the pH of a Weak Acid

How to Calculate the pH of a Weak Acid Calculating the pH of a weak acid is a bit more complicated than determining the pH of a strong acid because weak acids dont completely dissociate in water. Fortunately, the formula for calculating pH is simple. Heres what you do. Key Takeaways: pH of a Weak Acid Finding the pH of a weak acid is a bit more complicated than finding pH of a strong acid because the acid does not fully dissociate into its ions.The pH equation is still the same (pH -log[H]), but you need to use the acid dissociation constant (Ka) to find [H].There are two main methods of solving for hydrogen ion concentration. One involves the quadratic equation. The other assumes the weak acid barely dissociates in water and approximates the pH. Which one you choose depends on how accurate you need the answer to be. For homework, use the quadratic equation. For a quick estimate in the lab, use the approximation. pH of a Weak Acid Problem What is the pH of a 0.01 M benzoic acid solution? Given: benzoic acid Ka 6.5 x 10-5 Solution Benzoic acid dissociates in water as: C6H5COOH → H C6H5COO- The formula for Ka is: Ka [H][B-]/[HB] where:[H] concentration of H ions[B-] concentration of conjugate base ions[HB] concentration of undissociated acid moleculesfor a reaction HB → H B- Benzoic acid dissociates one H ion for every C6H5COO- ion, so [H] [C6H5COO-]. Let x represent the concentration of H that dissociates from HB, then [HB] C - x where C is the initial concentration. Enter these values into the Ka equation: Ka x  · x / (C -x)Ka x ²/(C - x)(C - x)Ka x ²x ² CKa - xKax ² Kax - CKa 0 Solve for x using the quadratic equation: x [-b  ± (b ² - 4ac) ½]/2a x [-Ka (Ka ² 4CKa) ½]/2 **Note** Technically, there are two solutions for x. Since x represents a concentration of ions in solution, the value for x cannot be negative. Enter values for Ka and C: Ka 6.5 x 10-5C 0.01 M x {-6.5 x 10-5 [(6.5 x 10-5) ² 4(0.01)(6.5 x 10-5)] ½}/2x (-6.5 x 10-5 1.6 x 10-3)/2x (1.5 x 10-3)/2x 7.7 x 10-4 Find pH: pH -log[H] pH -log(x)pH -log(7.7 x 10-4)pH -(-3.11)pH 3.11 Answer The pH of a 0.01 M benzoic acid solution is 3.11. Solution: Quick and Dirty Method to Find Weak Acid pH Most weak acids barely dissociate in solution. In this solution we found the acid only dissociated by 7.7 x 10-4 M. The original concentration was 1 x 10-2 or 770 times stronger than the dissociated ion concentration. Values for C - x then, would be very close to C to seem unchanged. If we substitute C for (C - x) in the Ka equation, Ka x ²/(C - x)Ka x ²/C With this, there is no need to use the quadratic equation to solve for x: x ² Ka ·C x ² (6.5 x 10-5)(0.01)x ² 6.5 x 10-7x 8.06 x 10-4 Find pH pH -log[H] pH -log(x)pH -log(8.06 x 10-4)pH -(-3.09)pH 3.09 Note the two answers are nearly identical with only 0.02 difference. Also notice the difference between the first methods x and the second methods x is only 0.000036 M. For most laboratory situations, the second method is good enough and much simpler. Check your work before reporting a value. The pH of a weak acid should be less than 7 (not neutral) and its usually less than the value for a strong acid. Note there are exceptions. For example, the pH of hydrochloric acid is 3.01 for a 1 mM solution, while the pH of hydrofluoric acid is also low, with a value of 3.27 for a 1 mM solution. Sources Bates, Roger G. (1973). Determination of pH: theory and practice. Wiley.Covington, A. K.; Bates, R. G.; Durst, R. A. (1985). Definitions of pH scales, standard reference values, measurement of pH, and related terminology. Pure Appl. Chem. 57 (3): 531–542. doi:10.1351/pac198557030531Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2004). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0130399137.Myers, Rollie J. (2010). One-Hundred Years of pH. Journal of Chemical Education. 87 (1): 30–32. doi:10.1021/ed800002cMiessler G. L.; Tarr D .A. (1998). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-841891-8.

Reality in ExistenZ essays

Reality in ExistenZ essays ExistenZ is a film that primarily engages with our perception of reality. It plays on our perceptions of what reality is, cleverly cultivating a sense of the unknown through subtle distortions of our reality; playing with the medium of film which is, in essence, a suspension of disbelief. ExistenZ uses the knowledge that as a viewer we will accept 'the world of the film' to be a reality because, it is a different world, one artificially created which we can accept to be real. We are initially invited to accept the conditions of the film as we, the viewers, begin the film as spectators watching a scene set in the future, seeing the characters attempting to enter into a virtual reality world, one which we can recognise as unreal. We are then invited to question the reality of this world through subtle devices such as the saturation of colour, the background and a two-headed mutant which through Jude Laws eyes we are allowed to see is not unusual, though, at this stage we are still led to believe that this could be reality. The sense that this is the true reality of the film is then further promoted by taking us into the realm of virtual reality inviting us to believe the former world as a truth. ExistenZ plays with our perceptions by constantly changing what we believe to be reality by always leaving it open, but taking us further and further into the unknown. So, we are then forced to question, what is reality? By his multi layered approach which gradually becomes more and more unreal, David Cronenburg leads us to the conclusion that the worlds of the film that are most like ours must be the reality, but a the same time undermining that reality with phrases such as, I am not sure here is here anymore. This is repeatedly reinforced throughout the film with he emphasis that is placed upon the name of the game and its sponsors leaving the audience unsure as to whether or not we are ...

The Fresh Prince of Valley Professor Ramos Blog

The Fresh Prince of Valley It was a cold fall night on November 12 of 2014, a special day unlike any other. It was my 16th birthday, and I just came home from football practice. I was ready to go inside to my lovely warm apartment and relax, but it turns out there was a lock on the door. My mom was telling me that we had just been evicted. At that moment my heart plummeted as I realized the situation we were in. My mother is a single parent who had been already struggling to find a reliable source of income and make ends meet .   For the next couple of days after the eviction, we stayed at a woman shelter,   I would go to school, football practice then head down there afterward. After a couple of days our stay at the shelter was cut short due to the fact that the shelter was to be a safe haven for only domestic abused spouses. At that moment things were at an all-time low, however by the luck of God my tragic fate was about to change. I received a call from one my friend’s father, and that call was a blessing in its entirety. Kyle’s parents had always been a big part of my life, as they had helped multiple times in the past. However this time was different, it was on another level. Kyle’s parents picked me up from the shelter and in agreement with my mother due to the circumstances, I had to part ways from my mother for the time being and live with Kyle’s family. Kyle’s family As his father would describe it are well off. In my eyes there were rich, they had two Range Rovers a Mercedes, and a two story house with a three car garage. Coming from the neighborhood I grew up in, it was rare for a family to have an exotic car in their driveway, let alone have three. I could tell they lived a more flamboyant lifestyle, as Mrs. Evens would go groceries shopping in a mink coat. Mink coats are one of the most expensive clothing brands, mostly seen in rap videos. The first difference I saw was their costumes for dinner time were different from what I was used to. Dinner time usually with my mother we would eat at the sofa and watch television, with the Greens they would eat at the table telling stories about their day without any distraction from cellphones or television. Mrs. Green would cook healthy meals every night on weekdays, and then on the weekends we would usually have dinner at restaurants. In comparison to living with my single parent mother, where I would have gas station snacks or fast food for dinner, since my mother worked continuously. After dinner, it was time to work on homework Mr. and Mrs. Greens would help us if we needed it. The Greens were very big on grades and would either Reward or punish their kids for it. That being said Kyle and his sibling would have a stellar GPA . As for me in high school, I was not the best of students and without having someone around to hold me responsible, I didnt pursue my studies the way I was supposed to. As I   said before school was the utmost importance to the greens, so missing school was not an option. The only reason to miss was because of sickness not because one did not feel like it or overslept. Under the mentoring of the greens I had perfect attendance that year. I remember Mrs. Green paying for Kyle to take SAT prep class this in turn payed off because he received high scores and is now attending the University Of Pittsburgh on a partial academic scholarship. As for me during that time I was focused on passing high school, But because of Greens I started to take my education more seriously, and was more motivated to succeed.   I saw that there is an opportunity through education to make it out the slums.. The holidays were a good time to be in the Greens house as they would go and buy an actual Christmas tree. The tree would   range from 10-20 feet tall depending on the year. This was only possible because of their big living room. Standard living rooms are not fitting 20-foot tall trees. On Christmas day the trees would be decorated, and the presents would be under the tree. Mrs. Green would cook breakfast made for kings, Lunch, and a feast for dinner. They would unwrap presents, and the gifts would be something of a dream to some people. The presents would be expensive gifts such as new game systems, iPhones, tablets, designer clothes, and laptops. The Family was so used to these types of gifts that they would have a fit if they got anything less. I explained to Kyles brother that there would be time   I would not get anything I wanted but was happy for just a gift. He took those words and realized he needed to be more grateful. Throughout the rest of that School year, I learned the quality of life and what it takes in this world to succeed. I would never of gotten the chance had it not been   for living with the Greens. They pushed me to higher my standards and taught me the real American dream, not just the desire to survive. I remember one day they asked me what is my goal in life I said I wanted to become successful. However My version of success was to own a two bedroom apartment because at the time I never had my room. Then Mr. Green Said â€Å"that Nice but the average American middle-class version of success is a four-bedroom house with a two-door garage.† This opened my eyes to what true success was. He told me that I should not settle for just getting by but always striving for a higher quantity of life. I still keep that mindset close to me today. There is no discredit to my mother who raised me into a well-rounded respectful person. After staying with the Greens, I believe that there is such a thing as being a produce of your environment. If all a person sees is one setting that’s what that person   is going to believe in since it is what they are used to. Living with the Greens showed me a different perspective of life and how life is not set in stone; it can be changed. The end of the school year was time for me to leave the greens house whole and move back with my mother who had become financially stable. Still to this day the Greens and I are still the greens are a big part of my life, due to the major impact they had on me, and the lessons they instilled that will be with me forever. In Closing the Greens are like family to me, and if it werent for them I would never get to experience what a two parent household was or what success truly was. Whenever I decide to start a family, I plan to model some of my parenting strategies after the Greens.

Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Proposal - Essay Example In order to derive a genetic algorithm, potential solutions to a problem need to be developed by encoding; for instance by using binary bit strings. Another method used is the estimation of distribution algorithms for software optimisation, whereby a probability model is maintained for each generation of a problem situation. While there are studies applying each of these software optimization methods separately, the number of studies where both methods are compared in the same assessment are not as plentiful. This study seeks to carry out a comparison of both these software optimization methods in one particular study. Both these methods will be compared and an estimation of the efficacy of each method in terms of software optimization capacity will be made on the basis of the comparison. This study will rely primarily on two major research studies which are detailed below, which form a close parallel to the subject of this research study. The most relevant studies that would apply in the context of this research proposal are those showing different methods of software optimization. Through the use of parallel and distributing processing, multi thread techniques have been shown to provide better solutions than sequential options (Cruz and Pelta, 2009). Under the multi thread option, each solver thread represents a particular optimization algorithm and a coordinator collects performance information on the solvers and then sends them instructions on how behaviour is to be altered. On the algorithmic approach, metaheuristics can be successfully applied to complex and difficult combinations of optimization programs. In the study carried out by Cruz and Pelta (2009), the most basic ingredients of soft computing were used, i.e, through fuzzy sets and fuzzy rules, depending upon the location, i.e, by focusing upon the p-median, where the combinatorial optimization problem occurred. The

Astronomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Astronomy - Essay Example One of these methods is through the use of spectroscopy. Spectroscopy is a method of looking at the composition of a star or other celestial object by observing differences in the electromagnetic radiation patterns that are picked up. Different elements vibrate at different wavelengths; therefore each element shows a different color when a spectrometer is picking it up. This is how scientists can tell what elements are and are not present in a star. These series of lines are unique to each element. For example, helium produces: one red line, one yellow line, one green line, three blue lines, and four purple lines. This pattern is inherent to only helium, therefore it will show/not show up if it is present/not present. Atomic emission spectra look at the differences in energy that are absorbed when a photon goes through changes in energy levels. Thus when the photon is absorbed, the electrons jump up in energy levels because they become more excited. This jump in energy is what scient ific instruments pick up. This is achieved through lines. Absorption spectra look at the â€Å"holes† that are left when that electron is moving up and down energy levels. Basically, both are looking at atomic energy levels, however they are observing two different effects of energy at the quantum level.

Levels of Inflation in Brazil Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Levels of Inflation in Brazil - Research Paper Example This paper presents brief analysis of historical data of the inflation rates in Brazil. From the research it is clear, that the rate of inflation, prevailing in the Brazilian economy is high, as compared to other developed economies in the world. The reported rate of inflation in Brazil was 5.1 percent in April 2012. The reported rates of inflation in the US, UK and China were 2.3%, 3.47%, and 3.45% respectively. All these rates of inflation are lower than that of Brazil. The economic conditions in the South American countries are not as good as compared to other developed countries. However, the economy of Brazil has been growing at a rapid pace and it is becoming one of the well developed economies in the world. Brazil is the largest economy in South America and it has been growing at phenomenal rates in the recent past. With the rapid economic expansion, certain challenges are bound to be faced and one of such challenges is the high rate of inflation. Inflation refers to the rise in prices when compared to a specified level of purchasing power. The historical data of the inflation rates in Brazil suggests that the inflation rates in the Brazilian economy have not followed a constant trend and there have been numerous fluctuations in the inflation rates. In the set of analyzed data, its highest rate of inflation can be observed in the year 2005 which is 8.07% and in the immediately next year, the inflation rate fell to 4.63% which is a significant fall. The rate of inflation has showed a near constant behavior.

Global Corporate Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global Corporate Strategy - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the emerging markets of India and China have been recorded as the fastest growing nations in terms of consuming higher rates of oil, gas and petrochemical products. In this context, the global energy companies such as British Petroleum (BP), Shell, Mobil, and Total have been highly recognized to involve competitive pricing strategies in order to gain substantial return from their global subsidiaries especially located in the emerging markets. However, the oil and gas companies have also been witnessing numerous issues not only for their competitive business strategies but also for their radical impact on the global ecosystem. In this context, the organizations associated with global oil and gas manufacturing industry must also contend with changing regulatory requirements involving their corporate governance different environmental issues. Emphasising the unabated challenges and opportunities faced by the dominant marketers in global oil and gas industry, the essay tends to carry out an appropriate analysis of the global corporate strategies adopted by BP and other world-class Oil, Gas, and Petrochemical suppliers such as Shell, Mobil, Chevron and Total since 2010 to date. The essay also tends to demonstrate the corporate strategic measures of BP in terms of creating a high-performance culture in the global business locations that enable it to effectively deal with both challenges and opportunities in the global oil and gas industry as well.

Strategic Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Management - Case Study Example   It works in numerous industries such as electronics, financial services, films, games as well as music. The company is acknowledged for creating value for customers, which is highly admired. It is because of this fact that Sony has managed a combination of resources such as capabilities as well as core competencies that have permitted the company to design a strong sustainable competitive advantage. It was noted that the company in the month of May’ 2011 decided to sell nearly 27 million television sets in the month of July of the year 2011. However, it could manage to sell only 22 million television sets in the month of July 2011. Intangible resources of the company are those non-physical assets that are used by it in order to manufacture goods and services, or are expected to create future productive advantage s. The Sony brand is generally quite recognizable as well as trusted in the globe. It focuses upon superior quality, style as well as innovation. The companyâ€⠄¢s employees are considered to be the key drivers towards success. However, it has been found that the company had reduced 30000 jobs and commenced joint manufacturing venture. Furthermore, since the year 2000, the company has been losing its market value by a considerable amount (BusinessWeek, 2011). Question 1(iii) Sony Strategy Using the Competitive Advantage (Porter) Framework A company which is able to maintain its profits and thereby surpass the average of its industry is said to possess a competitive advantage against its rivals. According to Michael Porter, there are two types of competitive advantage. They are identified to be cost advantage and differentiation advantage (Worldscibooks, 2012). It has been observed that Sony is taking measures in order to improve the image as well as audio quality of its Bravia range of LCD televisions that forms the basis of its current television line-up. It is customizing its product offering so that it is capable of meeting specific reg ional market requirements. The company aims at enhancing the functions as well as performance of LCD models so that it is capable of differentiating itself from the other competitors (Sony, 2012). Sony aims at following differentiation advantage which generally takes place when a company is capable of establishing a premium price in the marketplace from its differentiated products surpassing the cost of offering the differential characteristics (Blackwell Publishing, 2011). Sony needs to recognize the customers and the way in which its products can meet their needs. When the performance of the television business of Sony is undermining, it becomes imperative for the company to adopt differentiation advantage so that it can maintain competitive advantage in both the short as well as the long-run. The company even make use of various 3D contents in order to speed up the growth of 3D entertainment (Scribd, 2012). Question 2 (ii) Comcast Strategies from the Perspective of the Resource-B ased View of the Firm Framework Comcast Corporation is performing quite well in areas of media, communication as well as entertainment sectors.  

Anne Ingram, Viscountess Ingram's Ideas about women in An Epistle to Essay

Anne Ingram, Viscountess Ingram's Ideas about women in An Epistle to Mr. Pope - Essay Example Pope, at the time of Anne Ingram, was thought to hold these misogynistic views. He happened to have written many poems which depicted a woman in quite an inferior position and at times exalting the pope’s stature in relation to women. In her illustration, she turns the tables for the pope and ends up using his own verse technique and other principles that he held against him. As we can see in numerous couplets written by Pope, there are very sharp contrasts between the characters of men and those of women. However, in her writing, Ingram uses the form of couplet in placing huge emphasis on what the female and male gender do possess in common. In her argument, Ingram states clearly that there is not much difference, if any, since both man and woman desire to have one thing, which is common: love of power, and that this motivates both male and female sexes. Interestingly, Ingram chooses to use a positivist kind of model, in which she blatantly addresses Mr. Pope as an equal with little regard to his own perceived stature, in a verse similar to the ones he uses. The most exhilarating thing that comes out clearly in her poem is the fact that she proves similar modes of thinking inherent in both man and woman. They bo th simply think alike (Ingram 2604 -2607). She introduces her poem with a very harsh snarl†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Pernicious dwarf! The malice of thy tongue†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. This is truly a serious dent on the pope’s character. It shows the kind of hard feelings Ingram had for the pope following his character and writings against women. It demeans his thoughts and talk. When we look at the second line of her poem, we find an insight into the future. In her thinking, she argues that if the pope were to live in a different era, such a demeaning character would definitely see him executed. This she attributes to the ill rhymes the pope writes with what she considers as his ‘poison pen’! Ingram reads nothing from this more than the pope revealing himself as the very most miserable person among all men (Ingram 2604 -2607). Feminism and enlightenment ideas about women are fully expressed by Ingram. She spoke her mind with full authority and wit, something not characteristic of wo men at her time. She does foreshadow Wollstonecraft’s concept of having a complete education and she further asserts that when it comes to intellect, men and women have no difference. Thus, in â€Å"An Epistle to Mr. Pope† she says: †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢tis the same principle impels them both†¦. †¦what makes the difference then you may inquire†¦ †¦in education all the difference lies†¦ †¦.women, if taught, would be as bold and wise†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She challenges the patriarchal authority and Ingram asserts herself with expression of certain opinions she has over women in society. She thinks that women need to be treated with dignity and appreciated just like men. Her despise for poor treatment of ladies is seen when she says that pope admired Lady Mary yet when she returned, he treated her contrary to what was expected. And since then, the way Mary is referred to have always been †¦Ã¢â‚¬ disgraceful, venomous, and quite obscene†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . Ingram holds that pope fail to put into account the fact that women have a different mode of socialization when compared to men. In her argument defending women, she argues that it is not true to say women are empty vessels with no mind of their own. She

Global Corporate Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global Corporate Strategy - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the emerging markets of India and China have been recorded as the fastest growing nations in terms of consuming higher rates of oil, gas and petrochemical products. In this context, the global energy companies such as British Petroleum (BP), Shell, Mobil, and Total have been highly recognized to involve competitive pricing strategies in order to gain substantial return from their global subsidiaries especially located in the emerging markets. However, the oil and gas companies have also been witnessing numerous issues not only for their competitive business strategies but also for their radical impact on the global ecosystem. In this context, the organizations associated with global oil and gas manufacturing industry must also contend with changing regulatory requirements involving their corporate governance different environmental issues. Emphasising the unabated challenges and opportunities faced by the dominant marketers in global oil and gas industry, the essay tends to carry out an appropriate analysis of the global corporate strategies adopted by BP and other world-class Oil, Gas, and Petrochemical suppliers such as Shell, Mobil, Chevron and Total since 2010 to date. The essay also tends to demonstrate the corporate strategic measures of BP in terms of creating a high-performance culture in the global business locations that enable it to effectively deal with both challenges and opportunities in the global oil and gas industry as well.

Anne Ingram, Viscountess Ingram's Ideas about women in An Epistle to Essay

Anne Ingram, Viscountess Ingram's Ideas about women in An Epistle to Mr. Pope - Essay Example Pope, at the time of Anne Ingram, was thought to hold these misogynistic views. He happened to have written many poems which depicted a woman in quite an inferior position and at times exalting the pope’s stature in relation to women. In her illustration, she turns the tables for the pope and ends up using his own verse technique and other principles that he held against him. As we can see in numerous couplets written by Pope, there are very sharp contrasts between the characters of men and those of women. However, in her writing, Ingram uses the form of couplet in placing huge emphasis on what the female and male gender do possess in common. In her argument, Ingram states clearly that there is not much difference, if any, since both man and woman desire to have one thing, which is common: love of power, and that this motivates both male and female sexes. Interestingly, Ingram chooses to use a positivist kind of model, in which she blatantly addresses Mr. Pope as an equal with little regard to his own perceived stature, in a verse similar to the ones he uses. The most exhilarating thing that comes out clearly in her poem is the fact that she proves similar modes of thinking inherent in both man and woman. They bo th simply think alike (Ingram 2604 -2607). She introduces her poem with a very harsh snarl†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Pernicious dwarf! The malice of thy tongue†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. This is truly a serious dent on the pope’s character. It shows the kind of hard feelings Ingram had for the pope following his character and writings against women. It demeans his thoughts and talk. When we look at the second line of her poem, we find an insight into the future. In her thinking, she argues that if the pope were to live in a different era, such a demeaning character would definitely see him executed. This she attributes to the ill rhymes the pope writes with what she considers as his ‘poison pen’! Ingram reads nothing from this more than the pope revealing himself as the very most miserable person among all men (Ingram 2604 -2607). Feminism and enlightenment ideas about women are fully expressed by Ingram. She spoke her mind with full authority and wit, something not characteristic of wo men at her time. She does foreshadow Wollstonecraft’s concept of having a complete education and she further asserts that when it comes to intellect, men and women have no difference. Thus, in â€Å"An Epistle to Mr. Pope† she says: †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢tis the same principle impels them both†¦. †¦what makes the difference then you may inquire†¦ †¦in education all the difference lies†¦ †¦.women, if taught, would be as bold and wise†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She challenges the patriarchal authority and Ingram asserts herself with expression of certain opinions she has over women in society. She thinks that women need to be treated with dignity and appreciated just like men. Her despise for poor treatment of ladies is seen when she says that pope admired Lady Mary yet when she returned, he treated her contrary to what was expected. And since then, the way Mary is referred to have always been †¦Ã¢â‚¬ disgraceful, venomous, and quite obscene†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . Ingram holds that pope fail to put into account the fact that women have a different mode of socialization when compared to men. In her argument defending women, she argues that it is not true to say women are empty vessels with no mind of their own. She

Individualism vs. Societal Norm and Acceptance Essay Example for Free

Individualism vs. Societal Norm and Acceptance Essay In the community of Salem, Massachusetts of 1692, their community is set as a theocratic society, where the church and the state come as one. Moral laws and state laws are also combined as one. Everyone is expected to live up to the established social norms. Any individual within the Puritan community whose private lives doesn’t conform to the moral laws established by the government is represented as a threat to the community and to the rule of God and true religion. In Salem, everything and everyone belongs to either God or the devil, anything that is unlawful is considered a devil’s work. Everyone in this community is expected to meet the expectations of the society, every little thing they do will be held against them. John Proctor is an example of an individualist in this society. John Proctor was unfaithful to his wife, Elizabeth Proctor, when he had committed an affair with a younger female, Abigail Williams. Committing adultery and telling lies are some examples of sinning in the Puritan community. John Proctor is breaking from the mores, beliefs and ethical codes of the Puritan community because not only does he commit adultery, but he also hides it from the community. His actions were the main cause of false accusation of witchcraft in this society. Eventually, when he realizes everyone else’s life is at risk because of him, he confesses. John proctor chose to hide his adultery because he was afraid of his reputation being ruined and having his life put at risk because he went going against the Puritan law. Another way John Proctor breaks away from the united societal norm of the Puritans is going against the court. The court is in high power in this society. At first, he lies to the court, admitting to witchcraft to save his own life, but when John proctor realizes it is wrong and a sin to the religion to tell a lie, he goes against his false confession to witchcraft. He caused contempt at court while trying to prove everyone’s innocence, but it did not go so well. John Proctor went against the Puritan law because he does not want to dishonor the innocent prisoners and he will not be able to live with himself knowing that other innocents died while he committed sins and the innocents were paying for it. The following quote said by John Proctor in Act IV, clearly shows contempt at court in the Puritans’ way of life:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name!† At the end, John Proctor was hung. He was hung for his mistakes, and died without lies to his name. In a theocratic society, where the church and state comes as one, every little thing you do is held against you in the long run. Individuals in the Puritan community whose lives did not meet moral laws were considered a â€Å"witch.† In Salem, everything and everyone belongs to either God or the devil, anything that is unlawful is considered a devil’s work.

Technologys Effect On The Music Industry Media Essay

Technologys Effect On The Music Industry Media Essay Ever since mankind has existed; music has been a big part in peoples lives. Even the Mayan Indians had ways to make music that would express their feelings, emotions, and show how their culture influenced them. Now, we use music to not only express how we feel, but give our life story. As technology has changed, the way that music is heard and seen has changed also. With advances in technology, producing music, listening to music, and downloading music has become much easier over the years. One major thing in the music industry that has changed along with the advancement of technology is how people record, or produce, music. The first device used to record audio and be able to play it back was Thomas Edisons phonograph. This device used grooves to record and playback sound which would make it hard to redo a recording if you messed up. As years went on and technology became more and more advanced, magnetic tape recording came out. Magnetic tape recording allowed people to record sound, and if they didnt like it, they could rewind the tape, and record over it as if it was never there. Although this worked for many years, as technology advanced, the way people can record their music advanced, leading to how we record music today (Morton). In todays society, people may still use the old style tape recordings because theyre cheap and easy to use, but most big recording sessions use programs on computers such as ProTools, Power Tracks, SONAR, Cubase, and many more. The convenience of these programs is the fact that not only can you record and delete audio, but you can also edit audio that is recorded to add effects to it. For example, if an artist wants to record a song that they have been working on, but their singing isnt the greatest, producers can use these programs to add affects to their voice so that they sound better. As technology has advanced, the way music is produced is not the only thing that has been affected. Before technology became real big in todays society, people would listen to music from record players and cassette tapes. As technology began to expand, people started listening to music on computers, CDs, and now iPods. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Sony developed a disk that allowed people to add music so that they could listen it where ever they went (EDinformatics). This also impacted music producers and artists because these disks could hold more memory than a record could, so this meant they could record more songs to add to albums and sell to the fans. One of the biggest things that have influenced how people listen to their music world wide is the iPod. In 2001, Apple released the very first iPod. iPods have allowed people to use one device to hold all their favorite music, videos, and photos. This device has impacted how we listen to music so much that it is being used worldwide (Things). Another thing that impacted how people listen to music is websites on the internet such as YouTube. In 2005, three people had an idea to create a website for people to watch their favorite music videos, listen to music, and post their own videos. Little did they know that the website that they had created would become as popular as it is today (Laco). As years went on, people are now getting most of their music by downloading it. When people want to get the newest song that is out on their iPod or mp3 player, they usually go to iTunes, YouTube, BearShare, or any other music downloading site. Downloading music has become so big, that it is the only way you can get music off of the internet. According to cnn.com, iTunes alone has at least 5 billion song downloads per day (Elmer-Dewitt). That is not counting all the other websites that allow people to download music. As technology keeps advancing, it affects music in more ways than one. Ipods, recording software, and downloading music are just a few ways that technology affects music, but they are the ones that stand out to us the most. As time goes on, technology will come up with more simple ways to complete tasks in the music industry, even some that are simpler than what we have today. New websites will probably be developed to help download music and new software for computers will probably be invented to help music producers make music that fans will love to hear. If it wasnt for technology, music would not be such a big part of our lives as it is today.

The Gap Between Rich and Poor Essay example -- Poverty Poor Essays

The Gap Between Rich and Poor As Christmas time approaches, many Americans start to get excited about returning home to all of the familiar festivities. They imagine the smell of the Christmas tree mixed with the aroma of apple cider or think about all of the Christmas specials on television that they will watch. They can not wait to relax in front of the fireplace with their families and to open all of the Christmas gifts piled under the tree. On the other hand, more than half of the rest of the world will not be having the kind of holiday with presents, fireplaces, and television specials that most Americans are used to. In fact, the money U.S. parents spend on Christmas presents alone this year will probably be more than the annual income of over half the worlds population. It is heartbreaking. Our world is essentially divided into two sections: rich and poor. Unfortunately , the majority of people are poor. Each society has certain attributes that are part of its culture. Richer countries are literate, industrial, overweight, overfed, and comfortable. Poorer societies are illiterate, under-developed, hungry, malnourished, and struggling to merely survive. There is a very large and uneven gap between the rich and the poor. This gap is a very real thing. Poverty is a reality that exists for most and effects them every single, waking day of their lives. It is a reality in which children die because their parents could not afford penicillin. People live in small, one-room shacks in groups, of ten with no running water and little food. A bathroom for them is a large hole in the ground. Poverty is a real struggle that’s purpose is to merely survive. This type of poverty did not always exist. Before the Industrial R... ...ndustrial capacity, technology, and infrastructure to compete with the industrialized countries, which have been honing their economic might for over a century. All in all, the problems in the other world in terms of oppression are too great to fathom. It is sick that a minority of the population can cause such agony and deprivation to their own human kind. One of the biggest problems in resolving the problem is that most Americans are completely naive and oblivious to this great oppression that merely continues to get stronger. This year, when all of the Christmas festivities start, maybe some will be a little more humble and remember the part of Christmas called giving. Help has to start somewhere. Individuals can do a tiny bit for maybe one family this Christmas. God willing, the spirit will spread, and the other world might some day find a glimmer of hope.

My Philosophy of a Constructivist Mathematics Education Essay -- Educat

â€Å"Understanding is a measure of the quality and quantity of connections that a new idea has with existing ideas. The greater the number of connections to a network of ideas, the better the understanding (Van de Walle, 2007, p.27).† My philosophy of a constructivist mathematics education At what point does a student, in all intents and purposes, experience something mathematical? Does it symbolise a student that can remember a formula, write down symbols, see a pattern or solve a problem? I believe in enriching and empowering a student’s mathematical experience that fundamentally stems from a Piagetian genetic epistemological constructivist model. This allows the student to scaffold their learning through cognitive processes that are facilitated by teaching in a resource rich and collaborative environment (Thompson, 1994, p.69). Constructivist learning Constructivist learning in mathematics should endeavour to encourage students to â€Å"construct their own mathematical knowledge through social interaction and meaningful activities (Andrew, 2007, p.157).† I want students to develop their own conceptual frameworks, experiences, surroundings and prior knowledge. With learning being a social process, students can discuss in small groups their solution strategies rather than silently working at their desks (Clements et al., 1990, p.2). Constructivist teaching I consider the role of the constructivist teacher to enable to guide and facilitate a student’s thought processes and support the invention of viable mathematical ideas. A skilled teacher will also construct an appropriate classroom environment where students openly discuss, reflect on and make sense of tasks set before them (Clements et al, 1990). Through peda... ...trategies discussed provide opportunities for students to actively create and invent their own mathematical knowledge through a meaningful and contextualised environment. Lastly, with learning being a social process, students are encouraged to co-operatively work together in groups where they learn to value their peers opinions and observations. I finish on a quote that symbolises the ideas at the crux of my philosophy, â€Å"In constructivist classrooms, teachers (a) create environments where students are allowed to engage in actions and activity; (b) foster student-co-student interaction in and out of the classroom; (c) design activities that will agitate weak mathematical constructs students possess; (d) structure learning tasks within relevant, realistic environments; and (e) bring out several solutions and representations of the same problem (Driscoll, 2000).†

Boston Beer Company Essay

You are the investment banker assigned with the task of setting the IPO price for Boston Beer Company (BBC). Prepare a research report to support your recommendation. As you prepare this report, you may find that you would like to have more field information than what the case offers you. However, the case contains critical information that gives you a reasonable basis to compute its valuation. In addition use the following information for 1995. 1 Sales ($ millions) Redhook Pete’s BBC 25. 89 59. 17 151. 31 EPS . 75 . 25 . 40 Book value/share 7. 70 4. 33 3. 00 Price 27. 00 24. 75 ? Also, use the following information for BBC for 1996. Make additional assumptions as necessary (and state any additional assumptions) to compute free cash flows for subsequent years: 1. The ratio of Net profit before taxes to sales is 12%. 2. Tax rate is 35% 3. For every dollar of increased sales BBC will increase working capital by 15% (or working capital will increase by $0. 15 for every dollar of increased sales) 4. Capex is 2% of sales 5. Depreciation is 2% of sales 6. BBC’s beta is 1. 2. Use BBC’s cost of equity as its WACC since its debt is a trivial part of its capital structure. 7. Analysts’ growth forecast for BBC and for the craft brewing segment in general is 30% per year over the next five years. Present the following: 1. Overview of the industry – competitive landscape, expected short-term and longterm industry growth, key players in the industry. Summarize the key facts from the case in about one to two paragraphs. Identify the closest peers to BBC. †¢ Also, present as separate analysis of the relative growth of the craft brewing segment. Suppose the craft brewing segment grows at 30% per year for the next five years. What would be the % share (as a % of barrels sold) of the craft brewing segment in the beer industry? What would be the % share of the craft brewing segment if this segment grows at a 30% per year rate for the next 10 years? How do you expect established players in the market to react if this segment of the market grows at these rates? Some of the information for Pete’s and Redhook given below differ from the case. Use the information here in your analysis. 1 2. Business description and a brief history of the company. Does the company have any unique strategic positioning within the industry? – One paragraph 3. Present a qualitative assessment of the future outlook for the company. For example, are there any new products in the pipeline? Do you anticipate any competitive threats? Based on these developments, do you expect BBC’s growth and profitability to improve deteriorate, or stay about the same as in the past? 4. Revenue Forecasts and Free cash flow forecasts for the next ten years– †¢ Specifically explain if you are forecasting revenue and FCF growths and profit margins that are significantly different from the company’s historical experience and why. 5. Present a DCF analysis and determine BBC’s intrinsic value. Assume that BBC’s Enterprise Value/ NOPLAT will be 18 ten years from now (check for sensitivities by assuming a multiple of either 15 or 20). 6. Present a valuation based on valuation ratios (P/B, P/E, P/S) for comparable firms. What price would you recommend based on these valuation ratios? Based on your recommended price, is BBC’s P/B ratio bigger or smaller than that of Redhook? Of Pete’s? Can you justify this difference? Do the same analysis for P/E and P/S ratios. (Note: Suppose a particular valuation ratio for one firm is 25 and you recommend a corresponding valuation multiple of 35 for BBC. 2 Justify why BBC would command a higher valuation ratio. Justify the direction of the difference (higher or lower) and you do not have to precisely justify why BBC’s valuation multiple should be 35 rather than a different number, say 34. ) 7. Recommend an IPO price. 2 The numbers 25 and 35 that I use here are arbitrary, and I picked them only to explain the idea. Don’t attach any importance to these specific numbers.

The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 10

Elder blossoms can be used for exorcism, protection, or prosperity, Bonnie read, lying flopped down on her bed, chin propped on her hands. Mix with comfrey and coltsfoot and bind in red silk during a waxing moon to make a charm bag for attracting wealth. Distill in a bath with lavender, feverfew, and motherwort for personal protection. Burn with hyssop, white sage, and devil's shoestring to create a smoke that can be used in exorcising bad spirits. Devil's shoestring? Was that real y an herb? Unlike most of the others, it didn't sound like something she'd find in her mother's garden. She sighed noisily and skipped ahead a little. The best herbs for aiding meditation are agrimony, chamomile, damiana, eyebright, and ginseng. They may be tossed together and burned to create smoke or, when picked at dawn, dried and sprinkled around the subject in a circle. Bonnie eyed the thick book baleful y. Pages and pages and pages of herbs and what their properties were in different circumstances, and when to gather them, and how to use them. Al written as dryly and dul y as her high school geometry textbook. She had always hated studying. The best thing about the summer between high school and col ege was that no one could expect her to spend any time tucked up with a heavy book, trying to memorize excessively boring facts. Yet here she was, doing just that, and she'd total y brought it on herself. But when she had asked Mrs. Flowers to teach her magic, she had expected something, wel , cooler than being handed a heavy book on herbs. Secretly, she had been hoping for one-on-one sessions that involved casting spel s, or flying, or summoning fantastical servants to do her bidding. Less reading quietly to herself, anyway. Shouldn't there be some way that magical knowledge could just implant itself in her brain? Like, wel , magical y? She flipped forward a few more pages. Ooh, this looked a bit more interesting. An amulet filled with cinnamon, cowslip, and dandelion leaves will help in attracting love and fulfilling secret desires. Gather the herbs in a gentle rain and, after drying, bind them with red velvet and gold thread. Bonnie giggled and kicked her feet against the mattress, thinking that she could probably come up with some secret desires to fulfil . Did she need to pick the cinnamon, or would it be okay to just get it out of the spice cupboard? She turned a few more pages. Herbs for clarity of sight, herbs for cleansing, herbs that had to be gathered under the ful moon or on a sunny day in June. She sighed once more and closed the book. It was past midnight. She listened, but the house was quiet. Her parents were sleeping. Now that her sister Mary, who'd been the last of Bonnie's three older sisters to leave home, had moved in with her boyfriend, Bonnie missed having her right down the hal . But there were also advantages to not having her nosy, bossy big sister so close. She climbed out of bed as quietly and cautiously as she could. Her parents weren't as sharp-eared as Mary, but they would come and check on her if they heard her getting up in the middle of the night. Careful y, Bonnie pried up a floorboard under her bed. She had used it as her hiding place ever since she was a little girl. At first she had kept a dol she'd borrowed from Mary without permission; a secret candy stash bought with her al owance; her favorite red silk ribbon. Later, she'd hidden notes from her first boyfriend, or tests she'd failed. Nothing as sinister as what was hidden there now, though. She lifted out another book just as thick as the volume on herbs Mrs. Flowers had lent her. But this one was olderlooking, with a dark leather cover wrinkled and softened by time. This book was from Mrs. Flowers's library, too, but Mrs. Flowers hadn't given it to her. Bonnie had snuck it off the shelf while Mrs. Flowers's back was turned, sliding it into her backpack and projecting her most innocent face when Mrs. Flowers's sharp eyes lingered on her afterward. Bonnie felt a bit guilty tricking Mrs. Flowers like that, especial y after the old woman agreed to mentor her. But, honestly, no one else would have had to sneak the book out in the first place. Any reason Meredith or Elena gave for wanting it would have immediately been accepted by everybody as right and true. They wouldn't even have to give a reason, just say that they needed the book. It was only Bonnie who would be sighed at and patted on the head – sweet, silly Bonnie – and stopped from doing what she wanted . Bonnie stubbornly set her chin and traced the letters on the book's cover. Traversing the Boundaries Between the Quick and the Dead, they read. Her heart was pounding as she opened the book to the page she'd marked earlier. But her hands were quite steady as she removed four candles, two white and two black, from beneath the floorboard. She struck a match, lit one of the black candles, and tilted it to drip wax on the floor beside her bed. When there was a little pool of melted wax, Bonnie pressed the bottom of the candle into it, so that it stood upright on the floor. â€Å"Fire in the North, protect me,† she intoned. She reached for a white candle. Plugged into its charger on the bedside table, her phone rang. Bonnie dropped the candle and swore. Leaning over, she picked up the phone to see who was cal ing. Elena. Of course. Elena never realized how late it was when she wanted to talk to somebody. Bonnie was tempted to press â€Å"ignore,† but thought better of it. Maybe this was a sign that she shouldn't perform the ritual after al , at least not tonight. Maybe she should do some more research first to make sure she was doing it right. Bonnie blew out the black candle and pushed the button to answer her phone. â€Å"Hey, Elena,† she said, hoping her friend didn't sense her irritation as she placed the book gently back under the floorboard. â€Å"What's up?† The ash was unbearably heavy. He strained against it, pushing at the blanket of gray holding him down. He clawed frantical y, a panicked part of him wondering whether he was even going upward at al , whether he might not instead be digging himself farther under the surface. One of his hands was clutched tightly around something – something fine and fibrous, like thin petals. He didn't know what it was, but he knew he shouldn't let go of it, and despite the fact that it hampered his struggle, he did not question this need to hold on. It seemed as if he were clawing at the thick ash forever, but final y his other hand broke through the crumbling layers and relief flooded his body. He'd been going the right way; he wasn't going to be buried forever. He reached out blindly, searching for something he could use to lever himself out. Ash and mud slid under his fingers, giving him nothing firm, and he floundered until he found what felt like a piece of wood in his grasp. The edges of the wood bit into his fingers as he clung to it as though it were a lifeline in a stormy ocean. He gradual y maneuvered his way up, slipping and sliding in the slick mud. With one last great effort, he wrenched his body out of the ash and mud, which gave a thick sucking noise as his shoulders emerged. He climbed to his knees, his muscles screaming in agony, then to his feet. He shuddered and shook, nauseated but euphoric, and wrapped his arms around his torso. But he couldn't see anything. He panicked until he realized something was holding his eyes shut. He scrubbed at his face until he detached sticky clumps of ashy mud from his eyelashes. After a moment, he was final y able to open his eyes. A desolate wasteland surrounded him. Blackened mud, puddles of water choked with ash. â€Å"Something terrible happened here,† he said hoarsely, the sound startling him. It was so profoundly quiet. It was freezing, and he realized he was naked, covered with only the same muddy ash that was everywhere. He hunched over and then, cursing himself for his momentary weakness, painful y straightened himself up. He had to†¦ He†¦ He couldn't remember. A drop of liquid ran down his face, and he wondered vaguely whether he was crying. Or was it the thick, shimmering fluid that was everywhere here, mixing with the ash and mud? Who was he? He didn't know that, either, and that blankness triggered a trembling in him that was quite separate from the shivering caused by the cold. His hand was stil clenched protectively around the unknown object, and he raised his fist and stared at it. After a moment, he slowly uncurled his fingers. Black fibers. Then a drop of the opalescent fluid ran across his palm, over the middle of the fibers. Where it touched, they transformed. It was hair. Silky blond and copper hair. Quite beautiful. He closed his fist again and held them against his chest, a new determination building inside him. He had to go. Through the haze, a clear picture of his destination sprang into his mind. He shuffled forward through the ash and mud, toward the castlelike gatehouse with high spires and heavy black doors that he somehow knew would be there.

Bib 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bib 6 - Essay Example According to the Acts, the Holy Spirit directed the Antioch Church to send out a missionary team, comprising of Barnabas and Paul (Act 13: 1-3) for the purpose of preaching the Gospel to the Jewish community and the Gentiles. It was around the 48AD that Paul and Barnabas led a commission from Antioch, Seleucia and travelled to the island of Cypress (Calmet 1832, p731). The group made various stops along the way in villages and settlements to preach the Gospel. As indicated in the map (Fig 1), the team made the way through Salomis and travelled through the area of Paphos. It was here that they met the Jewish sorcerer and false prophet with the name of Bar-Jesus. He was actually an attendant to the Governor Sergius Paulus. Paulus was an intelligent logical man and was interested in seeking the truth. When he summoned for Barnabas and Saul, Elymas the sorcerer intercepted and tried to steer Paulus away from them. Paul, with the power of the Holy Spirit, unveiled the truth about Elymas’s deceit and lies and stated that he would turn blind because of them. Paulus, hence, converted to Christianity. From Paphos and Cypress, the mission continued onwards to Perga in Pamphylia. This is where John left them to head for Jerusalem. Preaching and spreading the message of God, the mission travelled to the city of Antioch of Pisidia, and covered the towns of Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe, further East (Acts 13:13-14:20). In Iconium, Paul went to the Jewish synagogue to an assembly of Jews and Gentiles and was so articulate in speech that a great many of the listeners converted; however, the Jews were specifically hostile and the evangelical strategy to preach in synagogues proved to be more cumbersome. Along the way, Paul and Barnabas faced life threats and stoning, were confused as the human form of God and had to persistently explain

Organization of Security Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organization of Security Plan - Essay Example While the aims of such activities are normally driven by the need to access information enough to compromise the market plans for a business organization, it is fatal in the case of security-related organizations such as the department of Homeland security. In this paper, the aim is to prepare a security plan providing security awareness policy for the Department of Homeland Security. The Department of Homeland security (DHS) is tasked with ensuring that the United States and its citizens are protected against countless threats faced each day. With a workforce of over 240,000 staff, the department’s role is not limited to terrorism. Rather, any activity that seems to jeopardize the security of the American people is detected and subsequently dealt with extensively before it occurs. Cyber-security is on top of the department’s list where cases of hacking are mitigated and culprits arrested where possible. Thus, cyber-attacks are very common to the DHS, and it recently stated that this was one of the major threats the US faces (Kahan, 2014). Though sometimes, mere criminals orchestrate these cases, there is no telling at whose behest they commit such crimes. In addition to cyber-attacks, the DHS faces the issue of terrorism where terror groups would like to exploit any lapses on the department’s part. Since the department plays an integral role in detecting and averting any acts of terrorism directed at the US, this terrorism threat is indeed a real one. The vulnerabilities include the hacking of its own websites by hackers in a bid to access the highly classified materials. Further to this, the vulnerabilities the department faces are the compromise of information by its staff. While such cases might not be common, a vulnerability cannot adequately be mitigated. The non-disclosure contracts signed do not necessarily guarantee that the information pertaining to the operations happening in the department will remain secretive. In order to ensure

Contract Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Contract Law - Assignment Example There parties entering the contract must mutually understand what the contract purports to cover. This phenomenon is called ‘meeting of the minds.’ There must be offer and acceptance in a legally binding contract. The contract constitutes an offer to one party and the consequent acceptance by the other party. The element of offer and acceptance thus involves the expression of willingness of both parties to complete the contract. The parties entering the contract must belong to the age of the majority. However, some contracts may involve the minors such as the contract of will. There must be a possibility of performance in a legally binding contract. The contract must be physically or legally performable. The contract must portray the intention to create legal relations. A general principle, the social promises are presumed not to be legally binding (Turner & Martin 2004). There must be legal consideration in a contract. The legal consideration constitutes the value of the exchange depending on the nature of the objects present in a contract. There must be a legal object in a contract. The contract should not, by nature violate the policy of the public. Otherwise, illegal contracts are enforceable. However, a contract that has all the essential elements is valid.... Adam does work, but Cynthia refuses to pay him. Issue Whether the contract is illegal or not Rule The damages arising from the material contributions of an individual to the performance of an illegal act, with the knowledge that the materials are intend to propagate the illegal activities are irrecoverable. The claim by the plaintiff is aims at settlement of the payments using the earnings from the illegal business. Analysis The case between Adam and Cynthia constitutes illegality by virtue of the element of prostitution. Prostitution at common law is always an act that promotes sexual immorality. All acts that promote sexual immorality are prohibited hence are unenforceable. The difference between an illegal act and an immoral act is so thin that the applied principles are similar in either case. The case of Pearce v Brooks (1866) Lr 1 Ex 213 Exch tries to explain the nature of this case. In the case, Pear the plaintiffs, Pearce coach builders allowed Brooks, the prostitute to hire their brougham. Brooks was going to use the brougham in her prostitution business of attracting her clients. At common law, contracts that promote sexual immorality are unenforceable due to their illegality. Pearce was aware of the business that that Brooks was going to transact, prostitution. Brooks refused to honor the obligations of the contract. Pearce claimed compensation for the damages but, the court refused. The court held that he had participated in an illegal contract with the knowledge of its illegality. The jury did find no evidence that the payments that Pearce was claiming from Brooks were to be derived from the illegal business. However, there were reasonable grounds to believe that Pearce while giving out the brougham for hire knew that

Political Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political Economy - Essay Example The recession and population Growth have been contributing to Income inequalities and at the same time influencing an increased focused on Environmental pollution. The increase in recession and population growth has had a trickledown effect and things have been getting worse as time has gone by. The primary focus of this thesis will be the effects recession and population growth have on triggering income inequality as well as environmental pollution. Financially, the last decade or so has been a debacle for most countries around the world. The term recession has posed as a pest for most economies and has derailed the massive progress the world was making. Money was being flown out of the economic system that was being injected into it. Supplies were not meeting demands and inflation reached its highest. Recession ate down economies all over the world like a pest and all of that resulted in no liquid money being present in the economy. Credit money increased and economies became dangerously short of liquid cash. The spending power of the common man also went down drastically which means no money was being injected in the economy causing the financial state of the world to go worse. To worsen matters, population of the world saw no regression. The world was experiencing an exponential growth in population and as a result, demands were not being met. The world was not producing enough to be able to accommodate and feed the growing population. The common man started facing affordability issues giving way to income inequalities. Income inequalities had their own set of problems. The common man turned to crime and wrongdoings to fulfill his basic needs and this is where crime multiplied in the world. All of it worked in circles and the world situation starting deteriorating. With all the problems mentioned above, the authorities of the world showed increased concern and focus on environmental pollution. The increasing population led to

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 29

History - Essay Example However, their efforts remained unappreciated by the English army and so the chief of the Cherokee ordered his warriors to return back home. Some days later, another delegation of Cherokee warriors and fighters along with the Virginian troops launched an operation against the Shaawanooki tribe. The Shaawanooki tribe proved to be very elusive and hard to defeat and so the Cherokee warriors started to decline gradually and they ended up fighting against Virginians. The Virginians, being larger in number, defeated and killed many Cherokee fighters. The Virginian troops also scalped many Cherokee warriors and presented the scalps as those of the members of Shawanooki tribe. Bounties were also given to the Virginian troops for those scalps which also ended up in enraging the Cherokee warriors and tribe leaders. In retaliation, the Cherokee leaders declared war against the British and started raids on distant British settlements. The Cherokee, however, did not fight as allies or France but fought as an individual independent entity. They also had the support of the Muskogee tribe who had always been in support of France and were French allies. (Hatley, 1995) William Henry, who was the governor of South Carolina at that time, sent an army of around 1000 men to deal with the Cherokee people. The confrontation proved to be successful as the towns of Cherokee quickly agreed to peace. Cherokee warriors, who were accused of treason and murder of white people, were turned over by the people and later on they were executed. Many chiefs of the Cherokee tribe were taken and imprisoned at Fort Prince George (named after the Prince of Wales). Tensions settled down for some time but the Cherokee people, who were filled with hate and rage, continued to attack settlements. Other small settlements of South Carolina were also victims of the Cherokee raids. In 1760, the Cherokee warriors, in an attempt to free their chiefs and other hostages, attacked Fort Prince George. The Chief

Oil price Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Oil price - Essay Example Since this rising prices is inevitable, the major countries will need to find alternative sources of energy to protect themselves from the impending doom of disaster. Oil is the ingredient that drives the planet; it is as essential as air and a key source for almost every product from construction material to transportation to clothing. But the hard fact is that the supply of oil is finite and eventually it will be depleted and demand will outstrip production capacity. Increasing demand along with diminishing supply has already begun to drive price upwards. As prices are rising, new supplies are emerging in an effort to reduce consumption. "The rate at which consumption levels are rising, it is predicted that the world's oil supply will be exhausted within the next 40 years". (Guinness Atkinson Funds, "Future of Energy"). As can be seen by the above graph, demand and supply both have been rising over the years, but the growth in supply has not been able to keep pace with the demand growth and hence an increase in prices. On the supply side, there are three factors that are responsible for the current situation. "Firstly, non-OPEC production capacity has been growing over the years. In recent years, the former Soviet Union supply has been growing annually at a rate of about 0.5 million barrels per day. However, this growth had mainly come from repairing tired infrastructure rather than new exploration and this sort of growth rate is and will be hard to sustain. In addition to that, West Africa, Canada and Brazil have seen another 0.5 million barrels per day annual growth in production capacity. But like the former Soviet Union, the future looks bleak regarding the maintenance of this growth. The output from the U.S. and North Sea is also shrinking. Secondly, the growth potential in OPEC production cap acity is becoming smaller. Currently, most of OPEC, with the exception of Saudi Arabia, is operating at near capacity. Thirdly, since 1998, OPEC has been quite effective in keeping supply and demand matched, in addition to keeping the world oil supply a little tight. It is this combination of strong demand, slow non-OPEC production growth and effective OPEC supply management that has been the major driver of recent increases in world oil prices. On the demand side, the surge in global economic activity has led to an explosion in demand for oil and hence the world is facing an oil demand growth shock"(Guinness Atkinson Funds, "Future of Energy"). The major demand is coming from the developed world particularly the US, China and other economies in Asia. "China is in a phase of rapid energy-intensive industrialization and will continue to be one of the key consumers of oil in the coming years"(Oil Market Report, International Energy Agency). Behavior of Oil prices: The Asian Financial Crisis hit the world in mid-1997 and had a devastating effect on the major economies of the world. Even in the face of this crisis,